polymorphism with ArrayList

In this problem, you will create a program that defines Dog, Cat, and Bird subclasses extending Animal, overrides the speak() method in each subclass, stores instances in an ArrayList<Animal>, and displays each animal's sound to standard output by calling speak() in a loop.

Learning Objective: Understand how to store different child class objects in parent class type ArrayList

Overview

Create a program that reads animal types from standard input, stores different child class instances in parent class type ArrayList, and utilizes polymorphism.

Specifications

• Define Animal class and its subclasses (Dog, Cat, Bird)
• override speak() method in each class
• Read input with Scanner, add animals to ArrayList, and output sounds in loop

Input Format

N
type1
type2
...
typeN

• Line 1: Number of animals N (1 ≤ N ≤ 10)
• Next N lines: Animal type (Dog, Cat, or Bird)

Output Format

Output each animal's sound on N separate lines.

• Dog → Woof!
• Cat → Meow!
• Bird → Chirp!